Improvements in computing power can claim a large share of the credit for many of the things that we take for granted in our modern lives: cellphones that are more powerful than room-sized computers from 25 years ago, internet access for nearly half the world, and drug discoveries enabled by powerful supercomputers. Society has come to rely on computers whose performance increases exponentially over time. Much of the improvement in computer performance comes from decades of miniaturization of computer components, a trend that was foreseen by the Nobel Prize–winning physicist Richard Feynman in his 1959 address, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," to the American Physical Society. In 1975, Intel founder Gordon Moore predicted the regularity of this miniaturization trend, now called Moore's law, which, until recently, doubled the number of transistors on computer chips every 2 years. Unfortunately, semiconductor miniaturization is running out of steam as a viable way to grow computer performance--there isn't much more room at the "Bottom."